Another Ethical Dilemma

Reacting to the MBA Oath, an anonymous writer sent in an ethical dilemma to Careermee.com’s blog. The writer, an executive with a South American company, wrestles with a situation in which a company is faced with multiple dillemmas. The CEO is planning to bribe a government official in order to secure a contract, while the executive faces a lack of whistleblower protections, their own job on the line, and ambivalence about hurting the company at a time when  2100 jobs may be at stake.

We know that the ends do not justify the means and that rationalization of unethical behavior is very tempting, but how would you handle this situation?

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Change Needed At Business Schools

Joel M. Podolny, who was formerly dean of the Yale School of Management and is now reportedly transitioning into the role of dean of Apple University, expresses frustration about the lack of values-based leadership at business schools in an article in the Harvard Business Review.

The degree of contrition not just at business schools but also among executives and companies seems small compared with the magnitude of the offense. To reprise the line: I know you’re angry. I’m angry too.

Podolny chastises academics for sticking too closely to theory and overlooking the way organizations really work. How can both schools as well as initiatives such as MBA Oath make sure their values can live within actual organizations?

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MBA Oath in the Financial Times

Max Anderson provides an update on the MBA Oath in the Financial Times, describing the aspirational goal of extending the Oath’s presence even more broadly.

We have begun the process of creating MBA oath chapters on the world’s top business school campuses. We hope one day every graduating MBA will take this oath just as physicians take the Hippocratic oath. The history of the Hippocratic oath suggests this idea may not be so far-fetched. We think of the oath as a sacred medical creed, created in the era of Hippocrates. In fact, until the middle of the past century only a minority of physicians took the oath. Only after the second world war and the discovery of gruesome experiments conducted in the name of “medicine” did medical schools widely adopt it.

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Tough Calls And The Oath

The New York Times’ “You’re the Boss” blog features Jay Goltz, an entrepreneur who presents a dillemma which he thinks puts the MBA Oath to the test. Goltz describes a situation in which the owner of a small, struggling business is seemingly forced to choose between rescinding a job offer in order to hire an outstanding candidate or instead retaining an initial hire with uncertain qualifications.

Although this case might seem like a binary decision, one thing to remember is that the MBA Oath intends to encourage managers to think about the deeper implications of decisions. In this case, this includes thinking about the effects of any decision on all stakeholders.

I will safeguard the interests of my shareholders, co-workers, customers and the society in which we operate.

There isn’t a single “MBA Oath” answer to this business situation, especially with the limited information provided, but the important thing is to incorporate the principles of the oath into the decision-making process.

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From The MBA Oath to Der MBA Eid

We’d like to thank those who have developed translations for the MBA Oath. Versions have been submitted in Spanish by Andres Schuschny and Jose Fernandez-Calvo, and in German by CareerMee.com. Although no non-English version is official as of yet, we are very glad to see international versions arising just as the number of international signers continues to rise.

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MBAs Around The World Embracing Oath

As the number of MBA Oath signers races towards 1200, the diversity of signers continues to increase. MBAs from over 280 different programs have signed the oath, and of the 200 most recent signers of the oath, 93% are from schools other than Harvard. In fact, schools with the largest contingents of signers include Kellogg, NYU Stern, Oxford Said, Singapore Management University, Columbia Business School, Fuqua, MIT Sloan, Dominican University, and Wharton.

Enthusiasm for the oath is increasingly international, from coverage by the Shanghai Daily to support from similar initiatives in Argentina. Over half the pioneer MBA class at Singapore Management University has taken the oath, as has 70% of NYU’s Executive MBA class.

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The Mark of a Professional

The online discussion on the MBA Oath continues, with one interesting forum being the Bogleheads Investment Forum. Although one commentator wonders if they would want their financial advisor making decisions based on their own idea of the common good, another points out that it is sorely needed:

Subscribing to a code of ethics is what makes a professional a professional. Doctors have one. Accountants have one. Engineers (PE’s) have one.

Engineering is a good example to revisit. As the Online Ethics Center at the National Academy of Engineering points out, there are a number of codes of ethics followed by professional societies.

The OEC also references a very interesting engineering case involving a financial insitution. In 1977, William LeMessurier, a distinguished structural engineer, came forward after discovering structural deficiencies in his design of the Citicorp tower and mobilized support in order to avert potential disaster despite the potential damage to his reputation.

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Morality Reminders = Less Cheating

The Weekly Leader podcast tackles the MBA oath. In discussing the oath, the Weekly Leader’s commenters praise the Oath’s brevity and argue that its succinctness make it much more powerful than a 60 page code of ethics. They also reference a very relevant talk by “Predictably Irrational” author and behavioral economist Dan Ariely. In a series of experiments, Ariely finds that people who are reminded of ethical guidelines and who adhere to honor codes and cheat less.

“When we remind them about their morality, they cheat less”

Ariely’s talk provides fantastic examples of how oaths can make a difference.

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Rising Number of Signers Draws Praise

Charles Green of Trusted Advisor Associates, an HBS alum, finds himself surprised by the number of MBAs who have signed the oath.

Well, shame on me, o me of little faith in my descendant classmates, because as of June 3 (according to the Economist’s story), that number was up to 400—roughly half, by my close-enough calculations. Now, half is considerably larger than 20%. In fact, I think it’s more like 50%, though HBS MBAs in my day weren’t all that great at math (‘go hire one from MIT if you need it’ was the not-so-tongue-in-cheek phrase we heard). And I am quite sure, as I mentally run down my list of classmates, that nowhere near 50% would have signed the oath back in the day [...] Good for you, HBS class of 2009. I say you done us proud.

We thank Mr. Green and also note that MBA alums of prior years are also taking the oath.

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Does it work everywhere?

Philosopher Tom Morris points out in the Huffington Post that follow-through will be a key part of making the Oath work.

Congratulations to the Harvard Business School Class of 2009 for bringing all this to our attention in a vivid way, and for generated a new conversation about business ethics when we clearly need one. I’d love to be able to talk to each of those graduating students who signed the pledge, as well as those who didn’t, and follow them through the next ten years of their careers, watching what they do and how they do it.

The Economist, in its fantastic overview of the Oath, hints at the fact that the world is increasingly transparent, and that stakeholders are eager to watch what managers do and how they do it.

Don Tapscott, co-author of “Wikinomics” and “The Naked Corporation”, says that in today’s increasingly “transparent world, where every stakeholder has radar, accountability becomes a requirement for trust. In fact, for those who embrace it as a value, it is a powerful force for business success.” In addition, the financial crisis and the recession will doubtless spark more scrutiny of managers. So embracing a more sympathetic agenda may not be so naïve after all.

Several experts, including “Good To Great” author Jim Collins, are cited as agreeing that accountability is a prerequisite, not a detriment, to creating shareholder value.

The Jerusalem Post offers up a detailed critique of the Oath, finding its precepts at times innovative and at times controversial. The Post highlights the eighth element of the oath asks whether it would work in certain developing countries where authorities are reluctant to reform unjust laws and where much of the private sector operates underground, outside the letter of the law.

Although removing elements from the oath may make it more palatable to some audiences, doing so would clash with its goal of being aspirational. Taking an oath in an environment of flawed laws and practices may in fact be the first step in making it better.

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